لا إنكار في مسائل الإجتهاد
لا إنكار في مسائل الإختلاف
اتفق العلماء السلف والخلف على أن لا إنكار في مسائل الإجتهاد ولكن نأتي بأقوال ابن تيمية لأننا نرى أتباعه ينكرون مسائل الإختلاف
وقال رئيس هؤلاء القوم يعني ابن تيمية في مجموع فتاويه ج 30 ص 79 : ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻳﻘﻮﻝ: ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻭاﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﻢ ﺭﺣﻤﺔ ﻭاﺳﻌﺔ. ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ: ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺮﻧﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ اﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻔﻮا؛ ﻷﻧﻬﻢ ﺇﺫا اﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻓﺨﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺎﻻ ﻭﺇﺫا اﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬا ﻭﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬا ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺳﻌﺔ. ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ:
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ. ﻭﻟﻬﺬا ﻗﺎﻝ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭاﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻩ: ﺇﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ اﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ اﻟﻘﻮﻝ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻼ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
صنف ﺭﺟﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ: ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ” ﻛﺘﺎﺏ اﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ” ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺳﻤﻪ ” ﻛﺘﺎﺏ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ.
قال ابن القيم في إعلام الموقعين ج 3 ص 224 : ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺇﺟﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻟﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﻍ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪا ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻠﺪا.
وفي الدرر السنية في الأجوبة النجدية ج 5 ص 7 : ﻓﻼ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ، ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ اﻹﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺇﺫا ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺨﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻮاﺯ ﻭﻋﺪﻣﻪ، ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻝ اﻟﻤﺠﻴﺰﻳﻦ، ﻭﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﻞ ﻭاﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ.
قال ابن عثيمين في مجموع فتاويه ج 15 ص 157 : ﺇﻥ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺇﻣﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻤﻦ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻻ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺮاءﺓ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﺤﺔ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ : ﺇﻥ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاﻩ ﺧﻄﺌﺎ, ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ.
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